建筑基础的设计程序（一步一步）

Good design must not only be safe but must aim to save construction costs, time and materials. The following procedures should help to achieve this and an ‘educated’ client will recognize the importance of funding this work with a realistic fee.

1. Decide the Location of Columns & Foundation and Type of Loads Acting on Them.(e.x Deal load, Live load or Wind load)

On the building plan, the position of columns and loadbearing walls should be marked, and any other induced loadings and bending moments. The loads should be classified into dead, imposed and wind loadings, giving the appropriate partial safety factors for these loads.

2. Estimate Allowable Bearing Pressure of Soil Using Ground Investigation Report.

从网站的一项研究(如果地面调查available), the strength of the soil at various depths or strata below foundation level should be studied, to determine the safe bearing capacity at various levels. These values – or presumed bearing values (from any standards or codes) in the absence of a site investigation – are used to estimate the allowable bearing pressure.

3. Decide Depth of Foundation

基础的反转水平（底面）取决于地面以下的最小深度不受温度，水分含量变化或侵蚀影响的最小深度 - 在颗粒土壤中，这可以低至450毫米，但取决于现场和地面条件，这可能是在地面上的。可以超过1 m - 或通过地下室，锅炉房，服务管道或类似的深度。

4. Calculate Foundation Area

所需的基础区域是根据特征（工作）负载和估计允许压力确定的。这决定了基础类型的类型或组合的初步设计。选择通常基于经济学，速度和建筑的可建设性。

5. Determine Variation in Vertical Stresses

The variation of vertical stress w.r.t depth is determined, to check for possible over-stressing of any underlying weak strata.

6. Calculate Settlement

Settlement calculations should be carried out to check that the total and differential settlements are acceptable. If these are unacceptable then a revised allowable bearing pressure should be determined, and the foundation design amended to increase its area, or the foundations should be taken down to a deeper and stronger stratum.

7.成本控制

Before finalizing the choice of foundation type, the preliminary costing of alternative superstructure designs should be made, to determine the economics of increasing superstructure costs in order to reduce foundation costs.

8.考虑时间

应检查替代安全设计的经济性，速度和施工的简单性。速度和经济可能会在基础建设中发生冲突 - 最初的低成本解决方案可能会增加建设期。对于需要提早资本投资回报率的客户来说，时间通常是至关重要的。缓慢的基础构建可以否定用于上部结构的快速轨道计划。

9. Variation in Ground Condition

如果挖掘显示地面条件的变化与现场土壤调查和调查的预测者相比，设计办公室应准备修改设计。