建筑基础的设计程序(一步一步)

Design Procedures for a Building Foundation (Step by Step)

Design Procedure of foundation
Design Procedure of foundation

良好的设计不仅是安全的,而且必须旨在节省建筑成本,时间和材料。新利客户以下程序应有助于实现这一目标,并将认识到“受过教育”的客户能够以现实的费用提供资金的重要性。

1.决定列和基础的位置和作用于它们的负载类型。(例如交易负载,Live Load或Wind Load)

在建筑计划上,应标记柱子和负荷墙的位置,以及任何其他诱导的载荷和弯曲时刻。载荷应分为死亡,施加和风机,为这些负载提供适当的部分安全因子。

2.使用地面调查报告估算土壤的允许轴承压力。

从对网站地面调查(如果有的话)的研究来看,应研究地基水平以下各种深度或地层的土壤强度,以确定各种水平的安全承载力。在没有站点调查的情况下,这些值 - 或假定的轴承值(来自任何标准或代码)用于估计允许的轴承压力。

3.决定基础的深度

The invert level (underside) of the foundation is determined by either the minimum depth below ground level unaffected by temperature, moisture content variation or erosion – this can be as low as 450 mm in granular soils but, depending on the site and ground conditions, can exceed 1 m – or by the depth of basement, boiler house, service ducts or similar.

4.计算基础区域

The foundation area required is determined from the characteristic (working) loads and estimated allowable pressure. This determines the preliminary design of the types or combination of types of foundation. The selection is usually based on economics, speed and buildability of construction.

5.确定垂直应力的变化

确定垂直应力W.R.T深度的变化,以检查任何底层弱层的可能过度应力。

6.计算结算

应进行结算计算,以检查总和差异定居点是可接受的。如果这些是不可接受的,那么应确定修改的允许轴承压力,并修订了基础设计以增加其面积,或者基础应被视为更深层次和更强的地层。

7. Cost Control

在最终确定基础类型的选择之前,应制定替代上层建筑设计的初步成本,以确定提高上层建筑成本的经济性,以降低基础成本。

8. Consider Time

选择安全的设计应该为环保检查nomy, speed and simplicity of construction. Speed and economy can conflict in foundation construction – an initial low-cost solution may increase the construction period. Time is often of the essence for a client needing early return on capital investment. A fast-track programme for superstructure construction can be negated by slow foundation construction.

9.地面条件的变化

The design office should be prepared to amend the design, if excavation shows variation in ground conditions from those predicted from the site soil survey and investigation.

Tags:
12评论

Add a Comment

您的电子邮件地址不会被公开。必需的地方已做标记*

Baidu